1. زوبوف، شوشانا. (1400). عصر سرمایه‌داری نظارتی: مبارزه برای آینده‌ای انسانی در مرز جدید قدرت، ترجمه‌ی زهرا عالی. تهران: انتشارات فرهنگ نشر نو.
2. کار، نیکلاس. (2010). اینترنت با مغز ما چه می‌کند؟، ترجمه‌ی مهدی حبیبی. تهران: نشر گمان.
3. کاستلز، مانوئل. (1388). شبکه‌های خشم و امید: جنبش‌های اجتماعی در عصر اینترنت، ترجمه‌ی مهدی فرزاد. تهران: نشر ثالث
4. کاستلز، مانوئل. (1388). قدرت ارتباطات، ترجمه‌ی حبیب‌الله بصیریان جهرمی. تهران: انتشارات علمی و فرهنگی.
5. نیوسل، رونالد تی. (1402). هوش مصنوعی چگونه کار می‌کند (از جادوگری تا علوم)، ترجمه‌ی مهدی اسماعیلی و رامین مولاناپور. تهران: انتشارات آتی‌نگر.
6. وولی، ساموئل سی. و هاوارد، فیلیپ ان. (1400). دستکاری در رسانه‌های اجتماعی: پروپاگاندای رایانشی؛ فرایندهای ماشینی کنترل و فریب افکار عمومی، ترجمه‌ی عباس رضایی ثمرین و رسول صفرآهنگ. تهران: انتشارات همشهری.
منابع انگلیسی:
1. Allen, J., & Healy, P. (2016). Bannon tapped as Trump campaign CEO. Politico. Retrieved from https://www.politico.com/story/2016/08/steve-bannon-trump-campaign-ceo-226174
2. Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 211-236.
3. Benkler, Y., Faris, R., & Roberts, H. (2018). Network Propaganda: Manipulation, disinformation, and radicalization in American politics. Oxford University Press.
4. Bessi, A., & Ferrara, E. (2016). Social bots distort the 2016 U.S. presidential election online discussion. First Monday, 21(11). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v21i11.7090
5. Cadwalladr, C., & Graham-Harrison, E. (2018). Revealed: 50 million Facebook profiles harvested for Cambridge Analytica in major data breach. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/17/cambridge-analytica-facebook-influence-us-election
6. Conway, K. (2017). Kellyanne Conway's campaign strategies: A retrospective. Journal of Political Communication, 14(3), 59-75.
7. Enli, G. (2017). Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: Exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election. European Journal of Communication.
8. Ferrara, E. (2017). Disinformation and social bot operations in the run-up to the 2017 French presidential election. First Monday, 22(8).
9. Grassegger, H., & Krogerus, M. (2017). The data that turned the world upside down. Das Magazin.
10. References
11. How the Donald Trump's 2016 campaign used AI to suppress African American voters. (2020, October 28). The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/28/trump-campaign-ai-suppress-african-american-voters
12. Stanford study examines fake news and the 2016 presidential election. (2017, January 18). Stanford News. https://news.stanford.edu/2017/01/18/stanford-study-examines-fake-news-2016-presidential-election/
13. Howard, P. N. (2018). Social media, news, and political information during the US election: Was polarizing content concentrated in swing states? Oxford Internet Institute.
14. Howard, P. N., & Hussain, M. M. (2011). The role of digital media. Journal of Democracy, 22(3), 35-48.
15. Howard, P. N., & Kollanyi, B. (2016). Bots, #StrongerIn, and #Brexit: Computational propaganda during the UK-EU referendum. Social Media and Society, 2(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116678894
16. Howard, P. N., Woolley, S. C., & Calo, R. (2018). Algorithms, bots, & political communication in the US 2016 election. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 15(2), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2018.1448735
17. Isaac, M., & Wakabayashi, D. (2018). Facebook under fire: Data harvesting firm tied to Trump campaign. The New York Times.
18. Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York University Press.
19. Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D., & Graepel, T. (2013). Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(15), 5802-5805. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1218772110
20. Kreiss, D. (2016). Beyond administrative campaigning: Political parties and data-driven politics in the 2016 election. Political Communication.
21. Matz, S. C., Kosinski, M., Nave, G., & Stillwell, D. J. (2017). Psychological targeting as an effective approach to digital mass persuasion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(48), 12714-12719. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710966114
22. McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52(5), 509-516. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.5.509
23. Pawar, D. C. (2023, November 15). Empowering propaganda detection in resource-restrained languages: A transformer-based framework for classifying Hindi news articles. Big Data and Cognitive Computing. https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/3/21
24. Ryan-Mosley, T. (2023, October 4). How generative AI is boosting the spread of disinformation and propaganda. MIT Technology Review. Retrieved from https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/10/04/1080801/generative-ai-boosting-disinformation-and-propaganda-freedom-house/
25. Shao, C., Ciampaglia, G. L., Varol, O., Flammini, A., & Menczer, F. (2018). The spread of fake news by social bots. Nature Communications, 9(1), 4787.
26. Tufekci, Z. (2014). Big data: Pitfalls, methods and concepts for an emergent field. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2477899
27. Tufekci, Z. (2014). Engineering the public: Big data, surveillance, and computational politics. First Monday, 19(7). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v19i7.4901
28. Twitter bots boosted Donald Trump's votes by 3.23%: Study. (2018, November 2). The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/twitter-bots-boosted-donald-trumps-votes-by-3-23-study/articleshow/66466812.cms
29. Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., & Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science, 359(6380), 1146-1151. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9559
30. Wells, C., et al. (2016). How Trump drove coverage to the nomination: Hybrid media campaigning. Political Communication.
31. Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., & Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science, 359(6380), 1146-1151. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9559
32. Woolley, S. C., & Howard, P. N. (2017). Computational Propaganda Worldwide: Executive Summary. Oxford Internet Institute. Retrieved from https://comprop.oii.ox.ac.uk/
33. Zhou, X., & Zafarani, R. (2018). Fake news: A survey of detection techniques. ACM Computing Surveys, 51(5), 1-42. https://doi.org/10.1145/3191078
